孩子说话晚与耳朵有关 听力障碍宝宝的表现

有些小孩子3、4岁了还不会说话，着实让妈妈们揪心，如果宝宝能发出声音来却不会说话，那么你就应该去检查一下宝宝的耳朵，下面介绍一下有听力障碍的宝宝都有哪些表现。

　　孩子说话晚检查一下耳朵吧！

　　有句俗话叫“十聋九哑”，它的意思是说如果一个孩子的听力不好，他肯定是不会讲话的，至少是讲话口齿不清楚的。如果一个孩子不会讲话，基本上不可能是发音器官有问题，在排除了智力发育方面的问题，孤独症等情况，孩子非常可能存在听力的障碍。

　　婴儿时期，孩子的大脑皮层中，听力中枢和语言中枢都是一片空白，只有当出生后，在持续的各种声音的刺激下，在各种语言的刺激下，中枢中的神经细胞的小手（医学上叫突触）才会越长越多，连接成一大片网状，类似大型计算机网络系统。这些发育在出生后到2，3岁时是最活跃和敏感的。如果过了这个阶段，皮层的“计算机系统”工作能力就会大大减弱。

　　宝宝的语言发育关系听力正常与否

　　宝宝的语言发育，也代表他的听力是否正常。下面的一些描述，虽然不是绝对对应每个宝宝的，但也可以作为检测宝宝听力是否正常的一个依据，如3、4个月的宝宝开始发出一些喃喃母语；当宝宝6个月时，他说出的就是一些有语调的声音了；而当宝宝9个月大，他就会模仿大人发出的声音。若妈妈说“啦……啦……”，宝宝就会回应“啦……啦……”；到了1岁，宝宝开始自主发音了，他就会有意识地发出“爸爸”、“妈妈”等一些简短的词语；2岁以上儿童会说复合词组，如“不要”、“妈妈抱”、“宝宝饱”；3岁以上儿童会背诵儿歌，会讲小故事，并且口齿清楚。

　　宝宝听力障碍的早期表现

　　3个月以下时，对于突然而来的巨大声响丝毫没有反应；

　　3-6个月时，对出现的声音不会寻找声源；

　　9-12个月时，不会跟随大人的指示去做；

　　12-15个月时，不会叫“爸爸”、“妈妈”；

　　15-18个月时，对于爸爸妈妈讲的话无法理解，叫不出“爸爸、妈妈”；

　　18-24个月时，不能说出两句或两句以上的儿歌；

　　24个月后，语言障碍及反应迟钝明显，如听不见小鸟叫，对电话铃声、门铃声无反应等。

　　听力障碍宝宝的表现有哪些

　　当宝宝产生听力障碍时，妈妈可就要特别留意宝宝在听力上面的发展。而超过24个月的较大宝宝，他常表现出的语言障碍及反应迟钝就比较明显了，如：

　　1、要求别人重复讲话；

　　2、将电视机、收音机的音量调得很高；

　　3、看电视时歪着头，将耳朵靠近电视机；

　　4、听不见小鸟叫；对电话铃声、门铃声无反应等。

　　这时候妈妈可要及时将宝宝送到相关医疗机构进行诊断、治疗。

　　听力障碍的高危因素

　　1、有听力障碍的家属史；

　　2、宫内感染：风疹、梅毒、疱疹、巨细胞病毒；

　　3、头面部畸形；

　　4、早产或出生体重<2500克；

　　5、高胆红素血症；

　　6、曾患脑炎、脑膜炎；

　　7、用过耳毒性药物；

　　8、围产期窒息史；

　　9、语言发育迟缓；

　　10、头部外伤；

　　11、有中耳炎史、反复呼感史。

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