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宝宝受到肺炎侵袭,家长该做什么?

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mghrshw 发表于 2024-1-19 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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肺炎是一种影响肺部的急性呼吸道感染,由于孩子生理结构的特殊,鼻咽喉通道较短,容易使外界病菌直接入侵到气管、支气管和肺,再加上自身免疫机能又尚未完善,更是容易受到肺炎的“青睐”。一旦发生肺炎时,如果得不到及时、规范、彻底的治疗,则有可能会造成病情反复或加剧,甚至诱发其他并发症,如心功能衰竭、脓胸、肺脓肿、心肌炎或中毒性脑炎等,有一些进展较快的肺炎甚至还可威胁到孩子的生命。因此一听到肺炎,很多家长都是各种恐惧,那么,对小儿肺炎,哪些问题是你所关心的?

  没有咳嗽、发热,就不用担心宝宝是肺炎了?

  小儿肺炎大多伴有发热,这种发烧常是反反复复、不易降下来的,持续的时间也比较长,而且患肺炎时,肺泡里充满了液体或分泌物,患儿大多会有剧烈咳嗽,甚至咳得“喘不过气”来,宝宝在安静状态下,当家长用耳朵贴近宝宝背部的两侧胸壁时,还可以听到“咕噜咕噜”的声音。那是不是没有咳嗽、发烧,就不用担心是肺炎了呢?其实也不然,通常年龄越小的宝宝,他们的肺炎表现可能越不明显,有一些新生小宝宝,他们得了肺炎时,并不一定会表现出发热,也没有频繁咳嗽,而是表现为精神状态差、鼻塞、呛奶、嘴巴里吐泡泡、口周发青、呼吸加快甚至呻吟等。所以,即便宝宝没有发烧及剧烈咳嗽,当发现宝宝出现跟平时不一样的表现时,家长也要提高警惕,带宝宝去咨询一下医生。

  感冒咳嗽,会变成肺炎?

  临床上比较常见引起咳嗽的原因是上呼吸道感染,一般感冒所致的咳嗽,程度比较轻,肺部也听不到有啰音,并且咳嗽会随着感冒的痊愈而消失。普通的感冒咳嗽并不足以进展呈肺炎,只有少数毒力较强的病菌由于控制得不好,已经入侵到了气管、支气管和肺,或孩子在免疫力较低的情况下,才可能会发展成肺炎。

  肺炎一定要上抗生素吗?

  肺炎的种类很多,按照病因的分类,可以分为病毒性肺炎、细菌性肺炎、支原体肺炎、衣原体肺炎、原虫性肺炎、真菌性肺炎、非感染病因引起的肺炎(如吸入性肺炎、过敏性肺炎等)等,在治疗上来说,并不是所有的肺炎都要使用抗生素,如单纯的病毒性肺炎,它是不需要使用抗生素的,用抗病毒的药物治疗即可。另外,需要提醒家长注意的是,广谱抗生素使用太久,也有可能会诱发念珠菌性肺炎的发生,所以千万不要自己擅自滥用抗生素。

  宝宝不幸患上肺炎后,家长可以做好哪些护理?

  饮食上,由于患病期间小儿胃口较差,而需要消耗的能力又较多,所以,需要加强患儿的饮食护理,母乳喂养或混合喂养的孩子继续保持原来的喂养方式,年长儿以清淡易消化的流质或半流质饮食为主,如面条、清汤等。在患病期间,嘱咐孩子多喝水,以使黏稠的痰液能得到稀释而咳出体外。如果夜间睡觉时宝宝咳嗽厉害,可以将其头部稍稍垫高,并左右侧轮换着睡,以利于呼吸道分泌物的排出及缓解咳嗽症状。再有就是发热期间要注意做好降温,并多留意孩子的精神状态,一旦发现异常,应及时向医生求助。

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Visionkox 发表于 2025-1-19 | 显示全部楼层

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